In Folland's Introduction to Partial Differential Equations book he shows uniqueness for the interior Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation on a domain $\Omega$ by stating that if
$$\cases{\Delta u = 0 \quad \text{in} \ \Omega \\ u = f \quad \text{on} \ \partial \Omega,}$$
with $f = 0$, then this implies $u = 0$.
I don't see how $u$ being zero everywhere inside $\Omega$ when $f$ is zero on the boundary implies a unique solution.
- How does $u$ being zero imply uniqueness..normally to show uniqueness in some situation, we need to take two functions and show that they must be equal. But here we only use one function?
- The equation above is specifically for the case when $f = 0$..what if $f$ wasn't zero? Why don't why have to explicitly show uniqueness for that case too?
Suppose two solutions $u_1$ and $u_2$ and let $u=u_1-u_2$. Then $u$ is a solution of the Dirichlet problem with boundary value $0$, so it is equal to $0$ on the domain.