What is math applied when measuring the fuel efficiency in cars?

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I have been wondering quite lately when I switched from a petrol car engine to a diesel car engine that it is much more fuel-efficient, I have a math project coming up and I wanted to take this into the further investigation, therefore, do my own measurements and modeling to compare the fuel efficiency in both cars. There will be a rate of change in the mpg when accelerating in the highway but also in the city(in other words there should be calculus), so is it a good topic to take into investigation and if you have some sources about this particular topic please let me know. Thanks a lot!!!