What is the difference between a kernel, and kernel (Gram) matrix?

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Given a kernel, can we represent it as a Gram matrix? For example, a linear kernel can be presented (in Python/MATLAB code) in a Gram matrix as follows: K = X*X.T. If this is true, how to represent other non-trivial kernels in their Gram matrix form, e.g., check the following link, page 5, equation 17 showing Jensen-Shannon kernel: K(p,q) = exp(-JS(p||q))

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3e43/4ca7cbd1869f41e338658f7ab4f954782ad8.pdf