What's the name of these matrices?

66 Views Asked by At

I'm searching for the name of these sets of matrices:

2-dimensional: $$\quad M_1^{2d}=\left(\begin{matrix}1 &0\\0 &1\end{matrix}\right), M_2^{2d}=\left(\begin{matrix}0 &1\\1 &0\end{matrix}\right)$$

3-dimensional: $$\quad M_1^{3d}=\left(\begin{matrix}1&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&1\end{matrix}\right), M_2^{3d}=\left(\begin{matrix}1&0&0\\0&0&1\\0&1&0\end{matrix}\right), M_3^{3d}=\left(\begin{matrix}0&1&0\\1&0&0\\0&0&1\end{matrix}\right)$$ $$M_4^{3d}=\left(\begin{matrix}0&0&1\\0&1&0\\1&0&0\end{matrix}\right), M_5^{3d}=\left(\begin{matrix}0&1&0\\0&0&1\\1&0&0\end{matrix}\right), M_6^{3d}=\left(\begin{matrix}0&0&1\\1&0&0\\0&1&0\end{matrix}\right) $$

It's something like the basis-set of orthogonal matrices, but without signs. I was searching for it, but I'm ending up at orthogonal or unitary matrices, and my matrices are something more specialized.

1

There are 1 best solutions below

2
On BEST ANSWER

These are the permutation matrices. They are given this name because each such matrix permutes the entries of a vector under multiplication. For example, $$ \pmatrix{&1\\1\\&&1} \pmatrix{x_1\\x_2\\x_3} = \pmatrix{x_2\\x_1\\x_3} $$ Such matrices are important, for example, in representing graph isomorphisms and in the definition of a reducible matrix, which provides an important connection between matrix-analysis, graph-theory, and the study of Markov chains.