Iterating the map $\ \ x\ \mapsto\ x-\frac{1}{x},\ \ $ the orbit of initial point $2$ is "probably" dense in $\mathbb{R}$. Is there an explicit rational mapping together with an initial rational whose orbit is provably dense in $\mathbb{R}$?
NB: "Rational mapping" here means simply a function from rationals to rationals, not the definition in algebraic geometry.
EDIT: Does the following approach work? ...
The answer to another posted question proves that with $$f(x)=\dfrac1{2 \lfloor x \rfloor -x+1}$$the rational orbit $$1,\ f(1),\ f(f(1)),\ ...,\ f^n(1),\ ...$$ is the Calkin-Wilf sequence containing every positive rational exactly once, and is therefore dense in $\mathbb{R^+}$.
Question: Can it be shown that in this Calkin-Wilf sequence the even-index rationals alone are dense in $\mathbb{R^+}$, and likewise for the odd-index rationals?
If so, then, noting that $f(0)=1$, we can obtain a rational orbit that's provably dense in the whole of $\mathbb{R}$ by simply taking $$0,\ g(0),\ g(g(0)),\ ...,\ g^n(0),\ ...$$ with $$g(x) = \begin{cases} -f(x) & \text{if }x\ge 0 \\ f(-x) & \text{if }x<0 \end{cases}$$ so $$g^n(0) = \begin{cases} f^n(0) & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\ -f^n(0) & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}. \end{cases}$$
Start from the theorem that for any irrational $\mu \in (0,1)$ the set $$ \{2^k \mu\} : k \in \Bbb{N} $$ where (following Knuth's Concrete Mathematics) the notation $\{x\}$ means the fractional part of $x$ ($ \equiv x-\lfloor x \rfloor$) is dense in $(0,1)$.
Now look at the map $$ x \mapsto \frac{x - \frac{1}{x}}{2} $$ with some initial point $x_0$. The equation for this map superficially looks a lot like the example you give. But that $2$ in the denominator does a couple of things:
$x_n$ is the $n$-th guess you would obtain if you were naively to try to find $\sqrt{-1}$ using Newton's algorithm with a starting guess of $x_0$.
We can express the value of $x_n$ in closed form (I attribute this to Carl Bender in a course at MIT in 1973 or so, but of course it may have been known much earlier):
$$ x_n = \cot \left( 2^n \cot^{-1}x_0 \right)$$
But as long as $\cot{-1}x_0$ is not a rational multiple of $2\pi$, by the theorem stated above the set $$ \{2^k \cot^{-1}x_0\} : k \in \Bbb{N} $$ is dense in $(0,2\pi)$.
So the set of values of $x_k$ is the set of cotangents of a dense set on the circle; in turn, the set of values of $x_k$ is dense on the real line. An example is an initial value of $x_0 = 2$.