Are these equivalent?
$$\cos^2(5x) = (\cos(5x))^2$$
Yes, $\cos^n(x) = (\cos(x))^n$. This is true for all of the trigonometric functions, but these are actually special cases. Often, the notation $f^n(x)$ means $$ (f\underbrace{\circ \cdots \circ}_{\text{$n$ times}}f)(x). $$
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Yes, $\cos^n(x) = (\cos(x))^n$. This is true for all of the trigonometric functions, but these are actually special cases. Often, the notation $f^n(x)$ means $$ (f\underbrace{\circ \cdots \circ}_{\text{$n$ times}}f)(x). $$