Suppose we have an experiment which results in "success" with probability $p$ and in "failure" with probability $1-p$. The distribution of corresponding random value is assumed to be Bernoulli.
It turns out that after a hundred experiments there were no "successes". How can one assess $p$ with some confidence level (for example, $0.95$)?
My attempt. The probability that after a hundred experiments there will be no "successes" is $\left(1-p\right)^{100}$. So one can compare this probability with the given confidence level. That means that $$(1-p)^{100}\geq0.95$$ That gives us that $$0\leq p\leq 1-\sqrt[100]{0.95}\approx0.0005128$$ Is that approach correct? If no, how can one tackle that problem?
I don't think so. If you're trying to establish the range of $p$ over which the given result is not significant at the $0.05$ level, then you want
$$ (1-p)^{100} \geq 0.05 $$
and then $0 \leq p \leq 0.0295$ approximately. What you have there instead finds the range of $p$ over which the probability of obtaining a result that extreme is at least $0.95$, which I don't think is what you meant.
Alternatively, one can take a Bayesian approach, and use some appropriate prior (Beta distribution with $\alpha = \beta = 1$, which is uniform, will work), and update it according to the $100$ consecutive failures. The result (if you start with a uniform prior) is a Beta distribution with $\alpha = 1, \beta = 101$, whose PDF looks like this: