For a practical problem I need to calculate the angle $c$ given the angles $a$ and $b$ in following drawing, but I have no idea how to do this or even where to begin.
Just for clarification:
$a$ is the Angle between $MA$ and $MB$
$b$ is the angle between $MA$ and $MD$
$c$ is the angle between $MD$ and $MC$
The angles with the $\bullet$ dot are $90^\circ$ angles.

Let $x=AD=BC$ and $y=AB=CD$. Note that angle $BAM = 90$ since $CD$ is perpendicular to plane $ADM$ and $CD$ is parallel to $AB$.
Then we have $$x=DM \tan b$$ $$y=DM \tan c\Rightarrow y=\frac {x}{\tan b}.\tan c$$
Also, $$y=AM\tan a$$ and $$AM=\frac {x}{\sin b}\Rightarrow y=\frac {x}{\sin b}.\tan a$$
Equating the expressions for $y$ gives $$\frac {x}{\tan b}.\tan c=\frac {x}{\sin b}.\tan a$$
Hence $$\tan c=\frac {\tan a}{\cos b}$$