Does the Arctic Circle Theorem have anything to do with the geographical Arctic Circle?

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Does the Arctic Circle Theorem have anything to do with the geographical Arctic Circle?

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No - the analogy is with the tiling in those parts of the region outside the arctic circle being "frozen" in place.

This is the paper that introduced it. In particular, none of the authors are from the far north (they were at Michigan, MIT, and Bell Labs), and there's not some progenitor of the work that was either. I mention this because, for example, tropical geometry is so-called in honor of a Brazilian author.

Also, Jim Propp (one of the authors) wrote a blog post My Life with Aztec Diamonds that is somewhat discursive and seems like the natural place for him to mention such a connection, and he does not.