When provided a density function and after solving for the expected value E(Y) and the variance V(Y), I am trying to understand why finding the expected value of a dollar value function seemingly works differently than finding the variance of the dollar value function.
For example, the density function is $$ f(y) = \begin{cases}\frac{3}{2}y^2 + y \quad \quad 0 \leq y \leq 1 \\ 0 \quad \quad \text{elsewhere} \end{cases}$$ This gives $ E(Y) = .7083$ and $V(Y) = .0483$.
If the dollar value is given by $W = 5 - .5Y$, to find the mean of $W$, simply solving for $W = 5 - .5[E(Y)]$ gives the correct answer.
However, it does not seem to work the same for finding the variance of $W$, as it is incorrect to say that $V(W) = 5 - .5[V(Y)]$. What is the difference between finding the mean and variance in this case, and how can I understand how to solve for the variance of $W$?
The expectation is linear - that is, $E(aX + bY) = aE(X) + bE(Y)$ for all $a,b\in \mathbb{R}$ and $X,Y$. In particular
$$E(W) = E(5) - \frac{1}{2}E(Y) = 5 - \frac{1}{2}E(Y)$$
However, the variance is not linear (unless the random variables are uncorrelated). Instead, it satisfies
$$ V(aX + b) = a^2V(X) $$
for all $a,b\in \mathbb{R}$ and $X$. Thus, we have $V(W) = \frac{1}{4}V(Y)$.