This is the figure of Hierarchy of mathematical spaces in this wiki page.
a random variable is understood as a measurable function defined on a probability space whose outcomes are typically real numbers
so, is it possible to put a probability space into this Hierarchy of mathematical spaces?


It doesn‘t fit into this total order: a probability space is simply a measure space such that the measure of the whole space is $1$. A measure can be put on any set and a priori it doesn‘t have any relation to topological spaces or metric spaces.