Is there any mathematical term for $<x^2>$?

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$<x>$ is known as expectation of x. But is there any mathematical term for $<x^2>$; or is it just known as expectation of $x^2$?

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As mentioned in the comments, the expectation of a random variable $X$ is usually denoted by $\mathbb{E}[X]$. Regarding your question, the expression $\mathbb{E}[X^2]$ is known as the second moment of X. In general, for a natural number $n$, $\mathbb{E}[X^n]$ is known as the $n$-th moment. There is quite a lot of theory concerning this.

One more thing that may be of interest is that if the expectation of $X$ is $0$, then the second moment is equal to the variance of $X$. This follows immediately from the formula for the variance.