$W_{t}$ - Stochastic process ( Brownian motion). I need to check if $ (W_{2t}-W_{t})_{t \geqslant0}$ is a Brownian motion.
I look at the independent increment property. I want to find contradiction for this property.
So $t>s\geqslant u$ for any $s$ and $u$ that are less, less and equal, respectively.
So I look at: $$cov(W_{2t} - W_t - W_{2s} - W_s, W_{2u} - W_u) = cov(W_{2t} - W_t,W_{2u} - W_u) - cov(W_{2s} - W_s,W_{2u} - W_u)$$
if I suppose that $t > 2u$ then I can say that my first covariance is $0$ due to independence of increments.
Then I have left only:
$$ = 0 - cov(W_{2s} - W_s,W_{2u} - W_u) $$ which is definitely an overlapping intervals. So they have $cov \neq 0 $, or simply if I put $s = u$ then $cov = s=u$
Is it correct?
One more question:
Can I check the $(W_{2t}-W_{t}) - (W_{2s}-W_{s})$ is $N(0,\text{smth})$ ? or not? Why not?
Why I am asking, I did write that $W_{2t}-W_{t}$ $N(0,t)$, logically $W_{2s}-W_{s}$ $N(0,s)$, so the difference is $N(0,t+s)$ (by difference on normal r v). BUT!
If I rearrange other way, which also seems to be ok, $(W_{2t}-W_{2s}) - (W_{t}-W_{s})$ I get $N(0,3t-3s)$.
This is nonsense: I got 2 different distributions. But, which law I break when I do such calculations?
And the last question: suppose I have stochastic process $(-W_{t})_{t \geqslant0}$.
The property that $W_{t}-W_{s}$ is $N(0,t-s)$ in our case holds:
$W_{s}-W_{t}$ has $-N(0,t-s)$ which is $N(0,t-s)$ as normal distribution is symmetric? Is it right?
I copy-pasted from wiki:
The results for the expectation and variance follow immediately from the definition that increments have a normal distribution, centered at zero. Thus $W_t = W_t-W_0 \sim N(0,t)$ Does this leads to the following. Each element of this stochastic process is normally distributed? I am getting confused as $W_t \sim N(0,t)$ from the previous formula.
There is a slightly simpler solution. Let $Z_t:= W_{2t}-W_t$.
If $(Z_t)$ was a Brownian Motion, then it would be true that $cov(Z_t, Z_s) = s \wedge t$ for all $s,t \geq 0$. But, as one can check, this fails when $s=1$ and $t=\frac{3}{2}$, since $cov(Z_1,Z_{3/2})=1/2 \neq 1$.
In general, you should remember that a Gaussian Process with continuous paths is completely determined (in distribution) by its means and its covariances. For a Brownian Motion, the means are $0$ and covariances are $s \wedge t$.
To answer your second question: yes, it is true that $(W_{2t}-W_t)-(W_{2s}-W_s)$ is normally distributed. To prove this, assume $s<t$ without loss of generality.
When $2s\leq t$ note that $W_{2t}-W_t$, and $W_{2s}-W_s$ are independent Normals with variances $t$ and $s$ respectively, and hence their difference is Normal with variance $s+t$.
When $2s>t$, we can write $(W_{2t}-W_t)-(W_{2s}-W_s) = (W_{2t}-W_{2s})-(W_t-W_s)$ and by independence of increments we again see that this is a difference of two independent Normals with variances $2(t-s)$ and $t-s$, respectively, hence is Normal with variance $3(t-s)$.
So the different variances are a result of considering two separate cases, $2s \leq t$, and $2s>t$. Remember, increments are independent only when the intervals don't overlap.
To answer your last question, yes.