I have a continuous variable whose range is within $[-1, 1]$. I want to map the values of this variable to the range $[0, 1]$ instead. What I do is I add the value of $1$ to the the variable and divide the result by $2$`.
To me, this looks like a linear, valid and invertible operation meaning that the mapping is one-to-one between the domain and the co-domain of this operation/function.
I wonder, is my intuition correct? I would appreciate if someone can clarify this.
Yes your intuition is correct, in more detail what you've done is defined a one-to-one and onto function $f: [-1,1] \to [0,1] $ where $f(x) =\frac{x+1}{2}$.
If you want to check that is in Infact invertible you can try solving the equation $ x=\frac{y+1}{2} $ where $x$ is the original input, and y is the output of the function $f(x)$