Mathematically modelling a dataset

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I am trying to construct a model/mathematical equation to describe a behaviour supplied by a dataset. The data itself, looks like it has a very particular relationship but I don't really know how to approach fitting a curve to it. Do I start off with linear and progress to polynomial regression techniques? Do I just randomly try out different types of functions using trial-end-error to see if it works out fine? For example I have the dataset plotted below and I suspect it resembles some kind of Bessel function or damped sine wave. How do I fit a curve onto it with the right parameters in Python or MATLAB? How do I even confirm that a Bessel function works well?enter image description here