Model or algorithm for a balanced graph

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I have a graph which each nodes has the following features:

  • A node can produce some "energy" (or something like that);
  • A node has to satisfy the need energy and so use the energy produced for itself;

So each node has $\Delta E$ represents the difference between the energy produced and the energy used. Now the goal is:

  • send energy to other nodes if the difference between the energy produced and the energy used is positive ($\Delta E$) and send send this energy to nodes that has $\Delta E< 0$;
  • optimize this process, that is one wants there are nodes with $\Delta E \sim 0 $ as much as possibile.

Which model or algorithm can describe this problem? I think there is something like this in graph or decision theory. Any suggestions?