I have a problem following the solution to the following problem.
Let $X\in N(0,\Lambda)$, where
$$\Lambda=\begin{pmatrix} 1&2 &-1 \\ 2&6 &0 \\ -1&0 &4 \end{pmatrix}.$$
Set $Y_1=X_1+X_3,\quad Y_2=2X_1-X_2,\quad Y_3=2X_3-X_2$. Compute the conditional expectations $E[Y_3|Y_1=3]$ and $E[Y_3|Y_2=-1]$.
The solution is given by the following.
We have $\pmb{Y}\in N(\pmb{0},\pmb{\Sigma})$ where
$$\pmb{\Sigma}=\begin{pmatrix} 3&-2 &4 \\ -2&2 &-2 \\ 4&-2 &22 \end{pmatrix}.$$
Thus,
$$E[Y_3|Y_1=3]=0+\frac{4}{3}(3-0)=4,\quad E[Y_3|Y_2=-1]=0+\frac{-2}{2}(-1-0)=1.$$
When cacluating the $\pmb{Y}$ distribution, what rule/method do they use? Is the characteristic function an option? And finally, how do they calculate the conditional expectations from this?
So, I finally got it right. Here is the full solution.
We are given that the transform of $(X_1,X_2,X_3)$ to $(Y_1,Y_2,Y_3)$ is
$$\begin{pmatrix} Y_1\\ Y_2\\ Y_3 \end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix} 1&0 &1 \\ 2&-1 &0 \\ 0&-1 &2 \end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} X_1\\ X_2\\ X_3 \end{pmatrix}.$$
Since $\pmb{Y}$ is a linear transformation of multivariate normal vector $\pmb{X}$, as StubbornAtom commentated, then $\pmb{Y}$ is also a multivariate normal vector. We may then combine the components anyway we want and that (vector) combination will aslo be normally distributed. We choose the normal bivariate vectors as $(Y_1,Y_3)$ and $(Y_2,Y_3)$. From here we can easily calculate the conditional distribution of $Y_3$ given $Y_1=y_1$ and $Y_2=y_2$, respectively. The conditional distributions will also be (univariate) normally distributed with mean (or expected value, which we are looking for!) given as
$$\mu_3 + \rho \frac{\sigma_3}{\sigma_{i}}(y_{i}-\mu_{i})=\mu_3 + \frac{\text{Cov}(Y_i,Y_3)}{\sigma_{i}^2}(y_{i}-\mu_{i}),\quad i=1,2 .$$
Here $\text{Cov}(Y_i,Y_3)$ is the covariance between $Y_i$ and $Y_3$, and can be found as the $i,3$ (or $3,i$ since symmetry) element of the covariance matrix $\Sigma$.
From here we can calculate the desired results.