Consider a field $F_{16} = F_{2}(a)$ where minimal polynomial of element $a$ is $m_{a,F_{2}} = a^4+a+1$. How many elements are in the field: $$F_{2}(a^2+a)$$
My idea was to find minimal polynomial of $a^2+a$ in $F_{16}$ which I understand as $F_2/(a^4+a+1)$ - meaning operations mod $a^4+a+1$. That gave me $m_{a^2+a,F_{16}} = x^2+x+1$. And than use relation between degree of a minimal polynomial and dimension of an extension of a fild.
But that does not seem right. Any ideas how to start?
Step one: Don't write the minimal polynomial of $a^2+a$ in terms of $a$. The minimal polynomial of $a^2+a$ is $x^2+x+1$, as we have that $$(a^2+a)^2 + (a^2+a)+1 = 0.$$ If you use $a$ as the variable here, things get really confusing. Next, this is the minimal polynomial over $\mathbb{F}_2$, not over $\mathbb{F}_{16}$. As this is a polynomial of degree two, you should get some ideas on how big the field is.