Been trying to do this question since 3 days yet not been able to approach please!!! help
If we disable and technically block all easily guessable weak passwords (specific combinations of letters, dates, names, words of any natural language, such as qwerty, Workplace4, 123de1, Jane2002, GoodPass etc.), the strength of passwords can be evaluated by the total number of different possible passwords that can be formed, according to the actual (in force) password rules. In other words - the more different possible passwords can be created, the more secure the password is.
In Craddock Inc., there is a rule in force that the password must contain /lowercase lettters of traditional Latin alphabet (26 in total). uppercase (capital) letters of the traditional Latin alphabet (26 in total), and numbers (10 of total). For different services of Craddock Inc., which need different security levels, there are fixed different minimal password lengths.
The Craddock Inc.'s new IT security manager John proposed that password could additionally contain these special characters which can be quite easily found on the keyboard - 24 in total. John assumed that adding 24 additional characters probably helps to achieve the same security level with much shorter passwords.
Task:
Evaluate, If and on which level John's assumption holds More specifically • determine how many characters shorter passwords or how many percent shorter passwords John's proposal allows to be used .
I'm not sure I 100% understand your question, but here's my idea: assume the vocabulary size is $m$. In total there are $26+26+10+24 = 86$ symbols from which you can construct a password. For any $n$, there are $a_n = \binom{86}{n}$ ways to create a new password length $n$, each such list size $a_n$ is compared to the vocabulary, let's say there are $b_n = a_n - r_n$ unique passwords, where $r_n$ is the overlap between $a_n$ and vocabulary. Currently there are $K$ password options and the password length is $n_0$.
What you are after is $$ n^{\ast} = \texttt{argmin}_{n} b_n > K $$ which has a solution if $n^{\ast} < n_0$