Rules for factors of a composite number

Question

Is there any rule that the factors of a composite number must be of the form $n^m$, where $n$ is a real number and $m \ge 1$?

Example 1: the factors of $4$ are : $2^2, 1^1, 4^1$.
Example 2: The factors of $-4$ are $-2^2, -4^1, -1^1$, and so on.