I considered a modified version of the Coupon Collector's problem where there are $m$ transparent balls, $k$ different colors and $c$ balls of each color for a total of $n=ck+m$ balls in the urn.
I stop when I draw (without reimmision) a ball of each color and want to know the expected numbers of draws. I don't care about transparent balls that can be any number from $0$ to $m$.
The resolving formula is well known and states that:
$\displaystyle E = \sum_{i=1}^k (-1)^{i-1} \binom{k}{i} \frac{n+1}{ci+1}$
a friend however found another solving formula.
In python code it's straight forward (function returns a vector of elements whose sum is the expected value):
def Qkf(n, k, c):
N = n+1
D = c*k+1
E = []
for i in range(k):
p = Fraction(N, D)
E.append(p)
N -= p
D -= c
return E
That can be translated into this succession:
$\displaystyle N_{i} = N_{i-1} \frac{c(k-i+1)}{c(k-i+1)+1} + \frac{n+1}{c(k-i+1)+1}$
with $N_0 = 0$ and $N_k$ the expected value I'm looking for.
Now, although these formulas seems quite different, their result matches exactly for every possible valid triplet I tried.
In other words it appears that:
$\displaystyle N_k(n, k, c) = E(n, k, c)$
So I suspect the succession can be simplified into the summation. I cannot however prove it.
Any ideas how to?