Consider the subspace of continuous, real-valued functions on $[0,1]$ that are Lipschitz. Is this subspace complete under the sup norm ($\Vert \cdot \Vert_{\infty} = \sup \{ |f(x)| : x\in S \}$)?
I would say yes, since all Lipschitz functions ($d_{Y}(f(x_{1}),f(x_{2}))\leq K d_{X}(x_{1},x_{2})$, $K \geq 0$, where here $X = [0,1]$, $Y = \mathbb{R}$) are uniformly continuous, functions of certain types tend to converge uniformly to functions of the same types (e.g. differentiable functions to differentiable functions), but it seems unlikely.
Could somebody please help?
No, the space is not complete, for the same reason that uniform convergence is not enough to preserve smoothness - after all, a uniform limit of smooth functions need not be even differentiable. For an example of just how horrible this can be, take the Weierstrass function; it's a uniform limit of $C^{\infty}$ functions that's nowhere differentiable.
For an explicit example, one can define a sequence of Lipschitz functions converging uniformly to $\sqrt{x}$; one construction is to take a piecewise linear function connecting $(0, 0)$, $(1/n, 0)$, $(2/n, \sqrt{2/n})$, and then $\sqrt{x}$ to the right of this. One easily checks that this converges uniformly to $\sqrt{x}$ (the pointwise difference is at most $\sqrt{2/n}$), but the Lipschitz norms blow up like $1/\sqrt n$.
If you don't like the corners, they can be smoothed out easily.