In "Elementary Categories, Elementary Toposes" (chapter 23), by Mclarty, as well as "A Primer of Infintesimal Analysis" by Bell, the authors describe various axioms which a topos may satisfy in order to support synthetic differential geometry. In other words, they describe "toposes of smooth spaces". I am not sure if this appeal makes sense, but I am wondering if somebody could give me some intuition about what the subobject classifier $\Omega$ "looks like" in such a topos of smooth spaces. Are there cases where $\Omega$ looks similar to some familiar real manifold ? I am aware that there are various different toposes which can support the axioms of synthetic differential geometry, so perhaps my question is too vague. But I am finding it challenging to get to grips with the technical details of toposes of smooth spaces, and would be very grateful if somebody could help me get a mental picture of $\Omega$ within a category of smooth spaces. I do not know if this question makes sense, and whether $\Omega$ can be easily visualized as a space with a specific structure, but I thought it worth asking, since understanding more about $\Omega$ could help me within my early steps into synthetic differential geometry.
2026-02-23 04:38:03.1771821483
Subobject classifiers in categories of smooth spaces
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