What probability analysis did the allies use during WWII after they cracked the Enigma, or how can this probability be quantified?

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In the recent film, The Imitation Game, after cracking the Enigma they mentioned that the allies didn't simply use every cracked message but instead analysed the probability the Germans would find out their codes were broken. My question is how?

How is it possible to quantify the probability of the Germans suspecting something is wrong by intercepting a submarine or some other German military unit?