I have been taught that all cross-products of two vectors in 3D are pseudovectors because they don't change direction under a parity transformation. But, are must all pseudovectors be cross products of vectors or can do pseudovectors that can't be written as cross products exist?
Are all pseudovectors in 3D cross products of vectors?
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"can [do] pseudovectors that can't be written as cross products exist" needs clear definition. If I have a pseudovector $\vec a$ I can complete an orthogonal triad with $\vec b$ and $\vec c$, then choose the lengths of $\vec b$ and $\vec c$ so $b \times \vec c=\vec a$. I don't think that answers your question. Another way to get a pseudovector is to multiply a vector by a pseudoscalar, but that just pushes the issue down the line. Where do we get a pseudoscalar? One way is by the triple product of three vectors, but that involves a cross product. I can certainly define an object $\vec A$ to be a pseudovector and have certain components in a particular reference system. Can that be written as a cross product by the process I described?
I hope this naïve handwaving could give an insight. Suppose we have a non-zero pseudovector $\mathbf p$ (else, $\mathbf0 = \mathbf0\times\mathbf0$, and $\mathbf0$ is both a vector and a pseudovector). Find a non-zero vector $\mathbf q$ orthogonal to it, and a non-zero vector $\mathbf r$ othogonal to both of them—it should be possible as the space is three-dimensional. Then $\mathbf q\times\mathbf r$ is a nonzero pseudovector orthogonal to both $\mathbf q,\mathbf r$, and it should lie on a line $\mathbf p$ spans. So there should exist a scalar $s$ such that $\mathbf p = s(\mathbf q\times\mathbf r)$, so then $s\mathbf q$ and $\mathbf r$ (or $\mathbf q$ and $s\mathbf r$ etc.) are desired vectors.
Note that possible sign changes don’t affect orthogonality and value of $s$.