I would like to ask if a vector field is mathematical field which is defined to be a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined, and behave as when they are applied to rational and real numbers.
I can see that a vector field satisfies addition, subtraction, multiplication but I am not sure about division. Is this just terminology or is a vector field a field in the mathematical sense?
No, these are distinct concepts. A field (in Algebra) is what you think a field is. But a vector field is, roughly speaking, an assignment of a vector to each point in a space.