Let's say I roll a fair die independently many times. Let $X_i$ be the outcome of the $i$th roll. Assume that on the $k$th roll, I get a $1$ or $X_k = 1$ (Edit based on comments: assume this is the first $1$). What is the probability that I never rolled an even number before rolling this $1$?
I can solve this in two ways and get a gibberish answer if I condition. Let me demonstrate.
Gibberish with conditioning
$$ \begin{align} \mathbb{P}\{\overbrace{X_1 \notin \{2,4,6\}, \dots , X_{k-1} \notin \{2,4,6\}}^{A_{k-1}} \mid X_k = 1 \} &= \frac{\mathbb{P}\{X_k = 1 \mid A_{k-1}\} \mathbb{P}\{A_{k-1}\}}{\mathbb{P}\{X_k = 1\}} \\\\ &\stackrel{\text{ind}}{=} \frac{\mathbb{P}\{X_k = 1\} \mathbb{P}\{A_{k-1}\}}{\mathbb{P}\{X_k = 1\}} \\\\ &= \mathbb{P}\{A_{k-1}\} \\\\ &\stackrel{\text{ind}}{=} \prod_{i=1}^{k-1} \mathbb{P}\{X_i \notin \{2,4,6\}\} \\\\ &= \Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)^{k-1} \end{align} $$
Now we just need to handle every possible $k$, so
$$ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \Big( \frac{1}{2} \Big)^{k-1} = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \Big( \frac{1}{2} \Big)^{k} \stackrel{\text{geometric series}}{=} \frac{1}{1 - \frac{1}{2}} = 2 $$
which is obviously gibberish.
Without conditioning
Note that if I don't condition, I'm okay:
$$ \begin{align} \mathbb{P}\{\overbrace{X_1 \notin \{2,4,6\}, \dots , X_{k-1} \notin \{2,4,6\}}^{A_{k-1}}, X_k = 1 \} &= \mathbb{P}\{X_k = 1 \mid A_{k-1}\} \mathbb{P}\{A_{k-1}\} \\\\ &\stackrel{\text{ind}}{=} \mathbb{P}\{X_k = 1\} \mathbb{P}\{A_{k-1}\} \\\\ &\stackrel{\text{ind}}{=} \prod_{i=1}^{k-1} \mathbb{P}\{X_k = 1\} \mathbb{P}\{X_i \notin \{2,4,6\}\} \\\\ &= \Big( \frac{1}{6} \Big) \Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)^{k-1} \end{align} $$
and therefore
$$ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \Big( \frac{1}{6} \Big) \Big(\frac{1}{2}\Big)^{k-1} = \frac{1}{6} \cdot 2 = \frac{1}{3} $$
The since the first few rolls can't be even and can't be 1, the probability of each conditional is $1/3$, not $1/2.$