How to find nature of algebraic graph?

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How to find nature of any algebraic graph when graph points are given? Ex :

$x = (1,2,3,4)$

$y= (3,8,15,24)$

What is the nature of graph ?

P.S. I want to know short-cuts for all possible graphs?

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Your function that maps $x$ to $y$ is $$f(x)=2x+x^2$$ Such that $f(1)=3$, $f(2)=8$, $f(3)=15$ and $f(4)=24$. The nature of your graph is quadratic as $$f(x)=x(2+x)$$ it goes through the origin $(0,0)$ and intersects the axis at $x=-2$ and $x=0$ it has a minimum point at $(-1,1)$. Hope this helps.