I found this image on German wikipedia, naming points related to the unit circle with letters.
Most makes sense, like S for Sine, C for Cosine, O for Origin, P for Point, T for Tangent, and K for Cotangent (in German it is Kotangens, and C is taken by Cosine anyways). Now what's still open is what D and E and b stand for. Does someone have an idea? Thanks a lot!
Background: I find it useful to have consistent naming for such things. It allows for briefer and more comprehensible descriptions. I find it of particular use when I program shaders.

They are just $(1,0)$ and $(0,1)$ and are not really that significant, so you don't really need to worry about them. I am not sure about what $D$ and $E$ stand for - it might be something in German (and my German is not very good to say the least). As @aschepler suggested, it might just be some available letters that mean nothing. As for $b$, it is the arc with angle $POD$