I have a process $X_t = B_t - tB_1$, $B$ is a BM, $t\in[0,1]$. I have calculated its quadratic variation to be $t$, i.e.: $$\lim_{n\to\infty}V_n^t=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sum_{t_i\in E_n, t_{i+1}\leq t}(B_{t_{i+1}}-t_{i+1}B_1 -B_{t_{i}}+t_{i}B_1)^2 = t.$$
How can I find a $L^2$ limit of $V_n^t$, if $E_n=\{0, 2^{-n},...,1\}$? I presume it goes to $t$, but how can I show this?
I can start with: $$\lim_{n\to\infty}E\left[\left|V_n^t-t\right|^2\right]$$ and now I have to show that this converges to $0$. But I don't see any way to do this directly. Is there some trick which takes into the account that we have a BM, and that means some Gaussian distribution?
The key point is that only the term $B_t$ contributes to the quadratic variation. For two stochastic process $(Y_t)_{t \geq 0}$ and $(Z_t)_{t \geq 0}$ set
$$V_n^t(Y,Z) := \sum_{t_i \in E_n, t_{i+1} \leq t} (Y_{t_{i+1}}-Y_{t_i})(Z_{t_{i+1}}-Z_{t_i}) \qquad V_n^t(Y) := V_n^t(Y,Y)$$
Since $X_t = B_t-t B_1 =: B_t-A_t$ we have
$$V_n^t(X) = V_n^t(B) -2 V_n^t(B,A) + V_n^t(A).$$
It is well-known that the Brownian motion $(B_t)_{t \geq 0}$ satisfies $V_n^t(B) \to t$ in $L^2(\mathbb{P})$, and therefore it just remains to show that the other two terms on the right-hand side converge in $L^2(\mathbb{P})$ to $0$ as $n \to \infty$. As
$$|V_n^t(B,A)| \leq |B_1| \sup_{|u-v| \leq 2^{-n}, u,v \leq t} |B_u-B_v| \underbrace{\sum_{t_i \in E_n, t_{i+1} \leq t} (t_{i+1}-t_i)}_{\leq t}$$
we find that $$\mathbb{E}(V_n^t(B,A)^2) \leq t^2 \mathbb{E} \left( |B_1|^2 \sup_{|u-v| \leq 2^{-n}, u,v \leq t}|B_u-B_v|^2 \right).$$
The sample path of Brownian motion are uniformly continuous on $[0,t]$, and therefore it is not difficult to see from the dominated convergence theorem that the right-hand side converges to $0$ as $n \to \infty$. For $V_n^t(A)$ we note that
$$|V_n^t(A)| = |B_1|^2 \sum_{t_i \in E_n, t_{i+1} \leq t} (t_{i+1}-t_i)^2 \leq 2^{-n}|B_1|^2 \underbrace{\sum_{t_i \in E_n, t_{i+1} \leq t} (t_{i+1}-t_i)}_{\leq t}$$
and so
$$\mathbb{E}(V_n^t(A)^2) \leq 2^{-2n} t^2 \mathbb{E}(|B_1|^4) \xrightarrow[]{n \to \infty} 0.$$