Name for geometry that differs by a translation

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I have a simplistic question: If I have two triangles, and there exists a translation that makes them equivalent (all their vertices would be the same after the translation), then is there a special term in geometry that I would use to describe the relationship between the two triangles?

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We say that one triangle is the translate of the other. You could also say that they are translationally equivalent.

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Yes, there is.

We say that the triangles (or shapes in general) are congruent. The relationship is known as congruency.

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A special case of 'Congruence of triangles':

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_(geometry).

I would simply say that a translation of $\triangle ABC$ along translation vector $\vec v$ results in the $\triangle A'B'C'$.

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They say the translate.

See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(geometry):

"If $T$ is a translation, then the image of a subset $A$ under the function $T$ is the translate of $A$ by $T$. The translate of $A$ by $T_v$ is often written $A + v$."