A sample of patients is classified according to 1) the gender, 2) the treatment received and 3) the response to treatment. The result of experiment is the following:
sick not sick
MALES
drug A
200 300
drug B
50 50
FEMALES
drug A
50 100
drug B
200 370
Let $A=${the gender is male}$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(A)=\frac{1}{2}$ and $A^c$={the gender is female}$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(A^c)=1-\mathbb{P}(A)=\frac{1}{2}$. Let $H$={patient is treated with drug A} and $H^c$={patient is treated with drug B}. Then, let $G$={patient is sick} and $G^c$={patient is not sick}.
- 1) What is the probability to be sick after receiving the drug A for a male?
$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(G|H\cap A)=\frac{\mathbb{P}(G\cap H\cap A)}{\mathbb{P}(H\cap A)}=\frac{\frac{200}{600}}{\mathbb{P}(A)\mathbb{P}(H|A)}=\frac{\frac{200}{600}}{\frac{1}{2}\cdot \frac{500}{600}}=0.799$
- 2) What is the probability to be sick after receiving the drug A for a female?
$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(G|H\cap A^c)=\frac{\mathbb{P}(G\cap H\cap A^c)}{\mathbb{P}(H\cap A^c)}=\frac{\frac{50}{720}}{\mathbb{P}(A^c)\mathbb{P}(H|A^c)}=\frac{\frac{50}{720}}{\frac{1}{2}\cdot \frac{150}{720}}=0.666$
- 3) Considering the only males, do you recommend the drug A or B?
$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(G^c\cap H|A)=\mathbb{P}(G^c|H)\mathbb{P}(H|A)=(1-\mathbb{P}(G|H))\mathbb{P}(H|A)=(1-\frac{200}{500})(\frac{500}{600})=0.5$
$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(G^c\cap H^c|A)=\mathbb{P}(G^c|H^c)\mathbb{P}(H^c|A)=(1-\mathbb{P}(G|H^c))(1-\mathbb{P}(H|A))=(1-\frac{50}{100})(1-\frac{500}{600})=0.0833$
$\Rightarrow 0.5>0.0833\rightarrow $ drug A is recommend
- 4) Considering the only females, do you recommend the drug A or B?
$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(G^c\cap H|A^c)=\mathbb{P}(G^c|H^c)\mathbb{P}(H|A^c)=(1-\mathbb{P}(G|H^c))(1-\mathbb{P}(H^c|A^c))=(1-\frac{200}{570})(\frac{570}{720})=0.514$
$\rightarrow \mathbb{P}(G^c\cap H^c|A^c)=\mathbb{P}(G^c|H)\mathbb{P}(H^c|A^c)=(1-\mathbb{P}(G|H))(1-\mathbb{P}(H|A^c))=(1-\frac{50}{150})(1-\frac{150}{720})=0.527$
$\Rightarrow 0.527>0.514\rightarrow $ drug B is recommend
Is it all correct?
If it is, point 5) asks if the conclusions make sense. What does it mean, in your opinion?