Let $A$ be a PID, $M$ a finitely generated $A$-module and $N$ a submodule. By the structure theorem of finitely generated modules or by Smith normal form, $M/N \cong \prod A/(a_i)$ for certain $a_i \in A$.
The $(a_i)$ are called invariant factors or elementary divisors of $M/N$.
I feel like there exists a noun xxx that allows me to say "Let $(a_i)$ be the xxx of $N$ in $M$." Is there such a word?
In
Macdonald, I.G. Symmetric functions and Hall Polynomials, §II.1, page 180.
$(a_i)$ is called the cotype of $N$ in $M$.