I'm currently studying sinusoids, I've been given a graph with a few key points and have been told to find a cosine function which fits it. When it comes to finding the vertical shift of the graph the book does so by summing the highest y-value of the graph and the lowest y-value of the graph, so the maximum and minimum values of the cosine sinusoid, which in this case are $\frac{5}{2}$ and $-\frac{3}{2}$; it averages these values to get $\frac{1}{2}$. This gives the vertical shift, but why is this? Could someone explain this to me. Thanks.
2026-04-04 01:49:32.1775267372
Finding the vertical shift of a sinusoidal function
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If we have a cosine graph with amplitude A, then its largest value will be A and its smallest value will be -A. If we shift this vertically by s units, then the largest value will be A+s and the smallest will be −A+s; so adding these together and dividing by 2 gives the value of s.