Why is Linear Programming is called 'programming' instead of 'optimization'?

Question

In numerical optimization (a mathematics branch), a standard optimization problem is formulated as: $$\min\quad f(x)$$ $$\text{subject to, }\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad$$ $$c(x) = 0\text{ or }c(x) ≥ 0$$

But when these functions are all linear/quadratic, the optimization terminology is changed to linear/quadratic programming.

So I have the following questions:

1. What is the difference between optimization and programming?
2. Why has this terminology changed?