I have to prove the following, but I have no idea were to start.
Let $K$ be a field and $y$ transcendental over $K$. Then:
- $y^n$ with $n\in \mathbb{N}$ is transcendental in $K$.
- $K(y)$ is an algebraic extension of $K(y^n)$ with degree $[K(y):K(y^n)]=n$.
If $y^n$ is algebraic over $K$, then there exists a monic polynomial $f(x) \in K[x]$ such that $f(y^n)=0$. But then $g(x):=f(x^n)\in K[x]$ is such that $g(y)=0$, which contradicts the fact that $y$ is transcendental over $K$.
The polynomial $f(x):=x^n-y^n$ is irreducible over $ K(y^n)$, and $f(y)=0$. Thus, $y$ is algebraic over $ K(y^n)$ and $[K(y):K(y^n)]=\deg f=n$.