Suppose I have a line segment along a unit vector $\ell$ (so $-\ell$ is equally valid) and a vector $v$.
If I want to perturb $v$ towards $\ell$, I can just add a vector $\vec{d}=\alpha(\ell-v)$ to $v$.
However, suppose I want to perturb $v$ to the closer of $\ell$ and $-\ell$. I.e. choose $d$ such that $$ \vec{d} = \alpha(f - v) $$ where $$ f = \arg\min_{r\in\{f,-f\}} ||r-v|| $$
In other words, I want to perturb $v$ to the closer of $f$ and $-f$.
Is it possible to write this without taking the min or using an "if"?
If the angle between $\mathbf{\ell}$ and $\mathbf{v}$ is less than a right angle then you want
$$ \mathbf{d=\ell-v} $$
otherwise you want
$$ \mathbf{d=-\ell-v} $$
This can be achieved in one equation with
$$ \mathbf{d=\left(\frac{\ell\cdot v}{\vert \ell\cdot v\vert}\right)\ell-v} $$
If you only wish to "nudge" $\mathbf{v}$ in the proper direction you can select a constant $0<\alpha<1$ and use
$$ \mathbf{d}=\alpha\left[\mathbf{\left(\frac{\ell\cdot v}{\vert \ell\cdot v\vert}\right)\ell-v}\right] $$
If the angle between $\mathbf{\ell}$ and $\mathbf{v}$ is a right angle, then you will have
$$ \mathbf{d}=-\alpha\mathbf{v}$$